Irish showbands presented a mixture of pop music and folk dance tunes, though these died out during the seventies. The lush sentimental style of singers such as Delia Murphy was replaced by guitar-driven male groups such as the Dubliners. Following the success of the Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem in the US in 1959, Irish folk music became fashionable again. The English Folk music scene also encouraged Irish musicians. Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann (an Irish traditional music association) and the popularity of the Fleadh Cheoil (music festival) helped lead the revival of the music. From the end of the Second World War until the late fifties folk music was held in low regard. Irish traditional music has endured more strongly against the forces of cinema, radio and the mass media than the indigenous folk music of most European countries. Though solo performance is preferred in the folk tradition, bands or at least small ensembles have probably been a part of Irish music since at least the mid-19th century, although this is a point of much contention among ethnomusicologists. Important collectors include Colm Ó Lochlainn, George Petrie, Edward Bunting, Francis O'Neill, James Goodman and many others. There are several collections of Irish folk music from the 18th century, but it was not until the 19th century that ballad printers became established in Dublin. There is also evidence of the fiddle being used in the 8th century. These were the cruit (a small rubbed strings harp) and cláirseach (a bigger harp with typically 30 strings), the tiompán (a small string instrument played with a bow or plectrum), the feadán (a fife), the buinne (an oboe or flute), the guthbuinne (a bassoon-type horn), the beannbhuabhal and corn ( hornpipes), the cuislenna ( bagpipes – see Great Irish warpipes), the stoc and storgán ( clarions or trumpets), and the cnámha ( bones). Grattan Flood wrote that, in Gaelic Ireland, there were at least ten instruments in general use. Irish traditional music (also known as Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants) is a genre of folk music that developed in Ireland. Statues of traditional musicians, Lisdoonvarna Irish music session in an Irish pub in Tokyo, 2016 Traditional music sessions are commonplace in public houses throughout Ireland. Irish musicians during a music session, among them Christy Barry (left) and James Devitt (center). For Irish music more generally, see Music of Ireland.
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